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发表于 2007-11-22 20:34:59
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上篇:中国高考变革一席谈
一百年前,张之洞说……
当我开始研究美国大学招生的作文时,第一个吸引我的是各大学独具特色而又多姿多彩的作文题。
中国高考作文题,可谓一年一题,独领风骚。高考前,围绕作文题,各路高手议论纷纷;高考后,围绕作文题,各路名师又是纷纷议论。
2000年7月5日,我到广州执信中学作报告,由于还有一天就要高考,所以高三的学生没来。
广州电视台的记者来拍了录像,还拍了我那张“绿鸟、花狗、黑猫、黄狮”的图片。当晚,因种种原因,电视台没有播出,第二天晚上才播出,结果在广州引起轩然大波,因为人们发现高考作文题与我在全国各地作报告时的这道题如出一辙。
高考作文题的开头有这样一段话:“在一次鼓励创新的报告会上,有位学者出了一道题……”
于是,就开始有人很礼貌地问我是不是那位学者。我越说不是,有人就越往“是”上说;我说不知道,更吊人胃口,更有想像的空间;但我又不能说是。后来,有人就干脆“指定”那位“学者”是我。
要命的是,更多的人不管三七二十一,硬说是我“猜”中高考作文题。这一“猜”就带了神秘色彩,一时声名鹊起。有记者甚至请我“猜”第二天的高考化学题。
有人说:如果你说《素质教育在美国》的作者来作报告,来的人可能不会太多,但如果你说“猜”中高考作文题的黄博士来猜明年的高考作文题,恐怕1000元一张门票也有人来听你胡说八道……
我研究的是素质教育,竟然与“高考”莫名其妙结缘。最让我感到悲哀的是,许多人对我感兴趣的不是我对素质教育的研究,而是我“猜”中高考作文题。
最近,有四川的企业公开宣称,要拿出100万元人民币奖励“高考状元”;媒体还在爆炒用诗歌体裁写作《智子疑邻》得满分之事,就有两所大学准备破格录取这位尚“面目全非”的学生;各地的媒体没命地追逐各地的“高考状元”……
我们的社会、我们的考试文化,仍在为落后的“八股”、没落的高考推波助澜、摇旗呐喊。
我们的媒体、我们的大学、我们的家长、我们的老师、我们的孩子,一面在鞭挞高考,一面又在讴歌“高考状元”。
早在一百年前,湖广总督张之洞就上奏道:“科举一日不废,即学校一日不能兴,士子永远无实在之学问,国家永远无救时之人才,中国永远不能富强,即永远不能争衡各国……”
于是,1905年,科举就被废除了。
一百年前的张之洞之言至今仍值得我们深思!
各领风骚,竟是学生考自己
美国大学的“高考”作文题,五花八门、千奇百怪、各领风骚,与中国高考作文题一枝独秀、孤芳自赏、独领风骚的现象形成鲜明的对照。
下面,着重介绍芝加哥大学、西北大学和普林斯顿2003年的招生作文题。
芝加哥大学在申请表上一口气开列了五个作文题,让申请者任选一题,写一篇一两页纸的作文,并提示道:“这是你告诉我们关于你自己、你的鉴赏力、你的抱负的一个机会。每一题都可以用完全真实或者完全虚构或者兼而有之的方式写作——这是你自己的选择。消遣、分析(不要痛苦地挣扎)、创造、写作——让我们听一听你感兴趣的事情,听一听你的心声。”
(作者注:由于作文题注明为设计者个人所有,未征得设计者本人同意之前,不便翻译。敬请读者谅解。)
1. Storytelling is an integral part of the formation of our identities. The stories that our parents and our communities tell us about themselves and the world form our first map of the universe. At some point, we begin to tell our own stories to ourselves and to others. Tell us a story you tell. Your story does not have to be either true or a story you would think to tell anyone but yourself; but the story must be your own, and its telling should have significance to you. Your story should also be significant to a listener who might tell a story about you.
Inspired by Susannah Nadler, a graduate of The Spence School, New York, NY
2. How do you feel about Wednesday?
Inspired by Maximilian Pascual Ortega, a graduate of Maine Township High School South, Park Ridge, IL
3. The Sudanese author Tayeb Salih wrote, “Turning to left and right, I found I was halfway between north and south. I was unable to continue, unable to return.”If he is unable to choose, the character faces the threat of being frozen in place or torn between two states. Describe a halfway point in your life-a moment between your own kind of “north” and “south.” Tell us about your choice, your inability to choose, or perhaps your folly in thinking there was ever a choice to be made.
Inspired by Rafi Mottahedeh, a graduate of Deerfield Academy, Deerfield, MA
4. In his book Through the Looking Glass, Lewis Carroll imagines a fantastic, nonsensical world for Alice after she walks through a misty mirror. Physicist Stephen Hawking has speculated that a black hole, not a looking glass, might someday take us to many parallel universes. Three years ago, The Matrix mixed a bit of science with Carroll’s fiction to create Thomas Anderson, a contemporary Alice who discovers that the “real” world is in fact a computer-generated dream. Explore the idea of a parallel world through the eyes of a philosopher, an artist, a theologian, a psychologist, or a scientist, or from any perspective you choose. How would you find this alternate reality? Who or what would take you there (by choice or by accident)? Would you or could you be a different person in each world?
Inspired by Jin Wei Cham, a graduate of Raffles Junior College, Singapore
5. In the spirit of adventurous inquiry, pose an untraditional or uncommon question of your own. The answer to your question should display your best qualities as a writer, thinker, visionary, social critic, sage, sensible woman or man, citizen of the world, or future citizen of the University of Chicago. Remember, this is about “adventurous inquiry.” Be sure that you actually use a question of your own.
矿矿看了这几个题目后,选择了有点“古怪”的第二道题:“How do you feel about Wednesday?”(你感到星期三怎么样?)
为了让中国读者更好地了解美国高校招生的作文,在矿矿不反对的情况下,我把他的作文收录到书里。
在你读矿矿的作文之前,请先想一想:如果是你,你怎么写这篇作文?然后,再读下面的作文,并且对比一下你自己的构思。需要强调的是,矿矿的作文绝不是佳作,更不是范文,只是想让读者了解、对比一下美国和中国在大学招生的作文出题、构思、写作、文风等方面的异同。
矿矿根据芝加哥大学的出题风格和写作要求,写了一篇有点独特的作文。
[ 本帖最后由 pp95 于 2007-11-22 21:39 编辑 ] |
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