性质判断:catergorical propositions 主项:subject term 谓项:predicate term 联项: quality或copula 量项:quantity 大项:major term 小项:minor term 中项:middle term 大前提:major premise 小前提:minor premise 全称肯定判断: universal affirmative 全称否定判断:universal negative 特称肯定判断:particular affirmative 特称否定判断:particular negative 同一律:the principle of identity 不矛盾律: the principle of contradiction 排中律:the principle of excluded middle